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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.305
10. OK, the game runs fine and I found a server and logged in, but there
doesn't seem to be anyone else around. How can I find a game with
people in it?
11. OK, now I'm in a game with other people. What do I do?
12. When I'm playing the game, people keep sending messages to me. How can
I talk back to them?
13. I would like to change what some of the keys do; for example, I'd
like 't' instead of 'T' to activate my tractor beam. Is there a way
to change this?
14. How does the rating/promotion system work?
15. I keep dying. How can I get better at the game?
16. What is 't-mode'?
17. What does DI stand for, anyway?
18. Some of the servers and clients are called 'UDP'; what does that mean?
19. Some of the servers and clients are called 'RSA'; what does that mean?
20. I keep reading about the INL; what is it?
21. Where can I get the most recent copy of this FAQ list?
22. My GPA has fallen 25% since I started playing Netrek last semester.
How do you find time to do your homework and still make Admiral?
NOTE: If you are using rn or trn, you can use ^G to browse through
the answers.
Subject: 1. What is Netrek?
Netrek is a 16-player graphical real-time battle simulation with a
Star Trek theme. The game is divided into two teams of 8 (or less), who
dogfight each other and attempt to conquer each other's planets. There
are several different types of ships, from fast, fragile scouts up to
big, slow battleships; this allows a great deal of variance in play
styles.
Netrek is set up as a client/server combination; if you want to play,
you'll need the client binary for your machine (most are X-based).
Subject: 2. It sounds interesting; how do I get started?
First, you need to get a client binary for your machine; read the
Netrek FTP List (which is usually posted along with this FAQ
list) to find an FTP site. The client should run on anything that
runs X Windows, although the slower your machine is, the harder it's
going to be to play. Slow networks are even harder to play with.
If you don't know how to use FTP, ask your local guru about it.
If you don't have access to FTP, you can use the mail server at
decwrl.dec.com. Mail ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com with 'help' in the body
(nothing else) and you'll get an automatic reply with instructions.
Once you have the binary, rename it to something logical like 'netrek'
and run it with 'netrek -h <hostname> -p <port>'. Read the Netrek Server
List to find a server near you; the nearer, the better.
If you get a 'netrek: Permission denied' message, try 'chmod 755 netrek'.
After the game is over, try 'man chmod', it's too important to not
know about.
Subject: 3. What's the difference between Xtrek and Netrek?
Xtrek is a precursor to Netrek. It has many of the same elements,
but it doesn't work as well because it isn't set up as a client-server
combination.
Unfortunately, Netrek is often called Xtrek. This causes much confusion.
This newsgroup really is dedicated to Netrek, but feel free to talk about
Xtrek if you want; many people here play both.
Subject: 4. I've seen a game called Nettrek for the Macintosh; is that the
same thing as Netrek?
No. Nettrek is in the same family as Netrek (it's unclear which was
created first), but it's not the same game. It runs over Appletalk
and doesn't have a whole lot of complexity. If you're interested in it,
the original version can be found in most net archive sites that support
Mac games. The most recent version is a commercial program called
"Nettrek 3.0 - The Real Version," and is published by Premiere Technology,
Inc.
Subject: 5. Can I play Netrek on my Mac/IBM PC/Amiga?
Probably not. If you aren't connected directly to the net via
ethernet card or SLIP, you can't. If you ARE connected via ethernet but
aren't running X windows, you have a chance--there are ports for
the Mac and the Amiga in the works, but nothing has yet been released.
If you're running Unix and X windows, you should be able to compile
the source and it should work, emphasis on the 'should.'
Subject: 6. I would like to start a new server; what kind of hardware will
I need?
The server should run on anything that has Sys V shared memory and a good
amount of CPU power. Good net connections are essential if you want
lots of players.
Read the Netrek FTP list to find out where you can get the server
source.
Please get the permission of your sysadmins before setting up a server.
Netrek doesn't need any additional bad publicity.
Subject: 7. I'm trying to start a new server, and I'm having problems. Where
can I get help?
Read the Netrek FTP list to find out where the server-secrets files are
stored (currently at gs69.sp.cs.cmu.edu).
There is also a server maintainer's mailing list, netrek@iastate.edu.
If you want to be put on the list, mail a short message to
netrek-request@iastate.edu and include the amount of C experience
you have, how much you know about netrek code, and anything else
that might be interesting.
Subject: 8. I compiled the client source, but every time I try to connect to
a server it kicks me out or tells me to get a 'blessed' binary.
What gives?
It's possible to modify the client source to do lots of tedious tasks
(like aiming, dodging, that sort of thing) for you. Since this gives
you a big advantage over a mere human, netrek has a way of knowing whether
you have a client that was compiled by the netrek Gods or by you. If
you compiled it, netrek will assume it's a cyborg, and will kick you out
if it's not cyborg hours. Check the Netrek Server List for cyborg
hours of the servers; sometimes they're legal, sometimes they aren't.
There are several different messages you can get when your binary
isn't what the server is expecting:
1: "User binary failed to verify."
The server is expecting a standard blessed client; read the netrek FTP
list to find out where you can get one.
2: "No customized binaries. Please use a blessed one."
You have an RSA client, but the key for your client isn't on the list.
Mail the server god if you think your key should be included.
3: "You need a spiffy new RSA client for this server!"
You have a standard blessed client (or an unblessed client) but the
server accepts only RSA clients; read the netrek FTP list to find out
where you can get one.
If you are interested in playing a cyborg, get the source
from one of the FTP sites and start hacking, or download one of the
public cyborgs. It's probably not a good idea for new players to
use cyborgs; cyborg players get called lots of nasty names, and
they tend not to learn how to play the game (since their client is
doing most of the work). There is a mailing list for borg authors,
mail trekwriter-request@b62103.student.cwru.edu to get on it.
Subject: 9. The game runs fine, but when the Netrek window comes up, I can't
type anything into it. How can I fix this?
This is a problem under a few window managers (OpenWindows and ovlwm, for
example); it's netrek's fault, but you can fix is by adding the line
"<window manager name>.FocusLenience: True" to your .Xdefaults file.
Log out and log back in and it should work.
Subject: 10. OK, the game runs fine and I found a server and logged in, but
there doesn't seem to be anyone else around. How can I find
a game with people in it?
Andy McFadden has written a nice little utility called Metaserver II
(based on METASERVER, written by ERic Mehlhaff) that will tell you
where there are active games. telnet charon.amdahl.com 3520-3524 gives
information in a number of formats.
Subject: 11. OK, now I'm in a game with other people. What do I do?
The first thing you should do is bring up your message window (by
hitting '?') and your player list (by hitting 'L'). Pressing a number
key chooses your warp speed. The left mouse button fires torpedos at
your cursor, the middle mouse button fires phasers at your cursor, and
the right mouse button turns your ship towards your cursor. Hitting
'h' will bring up a help window with a list of basic commands.
Subject: 12. When I'm playing the game, people keep sending messages to me.
How can I talk back to them?
On the bottom right-hand side of your main window you'll see two
long boxes. The top one is where messages like "Not enough fuel for
phaser" come up just before you die. The bottom one is the one you
use to talk to people. Move your cursor down there and type a character
to choose who to send the message to: 'A' for ALL, the capitalized
team letter for the team (i.e., 'F' for Federation), or the player
number for a message to a single player (i.e., 'c' to send to Rc).
Type your message and hit enter when you're done. Don't do this in
combat.
Subject: 13. I would like to change what some of the keys do; for example, I'd
like 't' instead of 'T' to activate my tractor beam. Is there
a way to change this?
There are two ways: first, do a shift-O. This brings up the options
window. Near the bottom there is a box for 'New keymap entries'.
Move your cursor to this box and type your new keymap entries. The
format is <newchar><oldchar>, so 'tT' will remap tractor beam to 't'.
Netrek also recognizes a .xtrekrc file; a 'keymap:' line in there
will allow you to map as many as you want. Format is the same
as above.
If you forget where you mapped a key, remapping it to itself ('ee', for
example) will reset that keymap.
Subject: 14. How does the rating/promotion system work?
Do a shift-I on yourself; you'll see four ratings there, one for planets,
one for bombing, one for offense, and one for defense. The planet,
bombing, and offense ratings are measured in DI/hour; for each planet
you take, army you bomb, and player you kill you get a certain amount
of DI (which varies depending on the server)--the average amount per
hour is your rating. Your rating is equal to (your DI/your hours)/
(total DI/total hours); therefore, if you have a bombing rating of
2.0, you bomb twice as many armies as the average person on the server.
This is true for all ratings. All ratings are updated only in t-mode.
Now do a shift-U. Listed there are the thresholds for each rank.
Your overall rating is your planets+bombing+offense. To make a rank,
you need to have the DI required for that rank, and your ratings need
to be above the rating required for that rank (i.e., to make Admiral,
you need 320 DI and your ratings need to be above 8.0). You can also
make a ranking by having ratings good enough for a level and *twice*
the DI you would need for the next level (So you can make Admiral
with ratings of 7.0 and 640 DI). This equation is recursive once, so you
can also make it with 6.0 ratings and 1280 DI (which would take about
200 hours!). You can't make it with 5.0 ratings and 2560 DI; not
only would you flunk out first, the server wouldn't promote you anyway.
On most servers, your defense also needs to be above .8 to advance
past Lt. Commander.
Note that suggestions on how to improve the rating system occur
about twice a week in rec.games.netrek, and the general consensus
is that it isn't worth the hassle.
Subject: 15. I keep dying. How can I get better at the game?
The best way is probably to talk with someone who knows how to play.
There is also an archive of hints and suggestions on how to play
better; read the Netrek FTP List to find out where it is
located.
Subject: 16. What is 't-mode'?
T-mode is short for 'tournament mode.' To keep some integrity in the
database, ratings are calculated only when there are a certain number
of people in the game (actually, when there are a certain number of
people on two separate teams. On many servers, you need 4 players
on 2 different teams; 4 teams of 2 players won't do it). When
the game goes into t-mode, there will be a 't' flag in your list
of flags, and there will be a message like "Dan Quayle declares self
as Galactic Emperor and chaos breaks out!" When the game drops out
of t-mode (because someone quit), the 't' flag will disappear and
there'll be a "Dan Quayle is locked up and order returns to the galaxy"
message.
It's generally considered rude to bomb or take planets out of t-mode.
Some servers punish people for trying.
Subject: 17. What does DI stand for, anyway?
Destruction Inflicted.
Subject: 18. Some of the servers and clients are called 'UDP'; what does
that mean?
UDP is a network protocol that is much more lenient than TCP (which is
what netrek was originally based on). If you don't have a local server,
using a UDP client on a UDP server could reduce your lag considerably.
Read the Netrek FTP List to find out where you can get a UDP client.
(Many thanks to Andy McFadden, Netrek Guru, for writing the UDP
protocol).
It also stands for Undertow Directional Pull; mail rhodesia@wixer.cactus.org
for details.
Subject: 19. Some of the servers and clients are called 'RSA'; what does
that mean?
RSA is a new way for servers to make sure that players are not using
cyborg clients. The RSA package generates a header file containing
a public and a private encyrption key. These keys are compiled into
the client; the private key encrypts the data and the public key
decrypts it. The main advantage of RSA over the old reserved.c
method is that the server gods need know only the public key; the
RSA package can be kept in a few select hands. Also, if someone
breaks the protection on a certain private key, that key can be
turned off by the server god, and that client will no longer work.
Subject: 20. I keep reading about the INL; what is it?
The INL is the Intercollegiate (or International) Netrek League, a
collection of teams from different organizations around the country
who periodically beat up on each other. The fall season is over;
directions for applying for the spring league will be posted sometime
in January. Mail tom@soda.berkeley.edu if you have any questions about
the INL.
Subject: 21. Where can I get the most recent copy of this FAQ list?
You can either look in the back messages of rec.games.netrek, or
ftp it from one of the archive sites; read the Netrek Server/FTP
list to find out where it is stored. It's also in the Usenet archive
at pit-manager.mit.edu. telnet charon.amdahl.com 3524 gives the server
information from the server list.
Subject: 22. My GPA has fallen 25% since I started playing Netrek last
semester. How do you find time to do your homework and
still make Admiral?
Sorry, nobody's found an answer to this one yet. Just remember that
(GPA+kill ratio) is constant.
Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.games.netrek:11163 news.answers:4735
Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!eru.mt.luth.se!lunic!sunic!mcsun!uknet!doc.ic.ac.uk!agate!soda.berkeley.edu!tom
From: tom@soda.berkeley.edu (Tom Holub)
Newsgroups: rec.games.netrek,news.answers
Subject: Netrek FTP list.
Message-ID: <netrekFTP_724899730@soda.berkeley.edu>
Date: 21 Dec 92 01:02:41 GMT
Expires: 1 Feb 1993 01:02:10 GMT
References: <netrekFAQ_724899730@soda.berkeley.edu>
Reply-To: tom@soda.berkeley.edu
Followup-To: rec.games.netrek
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
Lines: 163
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
Supersedes: <netrekFTP_722915115@soda.berkeley.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: soda.berkeley.edu
Originator: @soda.berkeley.edu
Last-Updated: 18 Dec 1992
Archive-Name: games/netrek/ftp-list
Changes: Added jupiterII.cl.msu.edu.
This is a list of all known FTP servers where you can find Netrek client and
server code, or anything else. Mail tom@soda.berkeley.edu with any
comments.
Name Address Comments
scam.Berkeley.EDU 128.32.138.1 The original site.
ftp.cis.ksu.edu 129.130.10.80 Mirrors, INL server.
pittslug.sug.org 192.58.107.150 Bronco clients, RSA stuff.
gs69.sp.cs.cmu.edu 128.2.206.167 Learn to play here!
b62103.student.cwru.edu 129.22.242.151 NeXT stuff.
ftp.iastate.edu 129.186.140.11 Little bit of everything.
iacrs2.unibe.ch 130.92.11.4 Source for IBM rs6k/AIX.
sgi.com 192.48.153.1 Silicon Graphics binary.
ocf.berkeley.edu 128.32.184.252 Apollo stuff.
cad.ics.uci.edu 128.195.1.42 UDP client.
ftp.coe.montana.edu 192.31.215.240 Mirrors.
ftp.informatik.uni-rostock.de 139.30.5.23 Galaxy client.
ftp.ulowell.edu 129.63.32.1 VMS client.
ftp.unh.edu 132.177.128.99 VAX Ultrix client.
duke.me.chalmers.se 129.16.50.80 ntpatch source.
grind.isca.uiowa.edu 128.255.19.233 Grandfather borg.
charon.amdahl.com 129.212.11.1 Andy McFadden's stuff.
ftp.chemietechnik.uni-dortmund.de 129.217.174.20 Mirrors gs69.sp.cs.cmu.edu.
tbird.cc.iastate.edu 129.186.140.11 Game recorder server mod.
melmac.risc.uni-linz.ac.at 140.78.140.60 RSA stuff/ENL archive.
jupiterII.cl.msu.edu 35.8.1.236 Sun, sun386i and 486 blessed clients.
Note: 'Andy McFadden's Toolbox' currently contains the following items:
xsg: a tool for server gods that allows them to change owners of planets,
ship states, and lots more.
gw: a tool to allow people to play netrek through an Internet firewall.
trekhopd: Similar to gw, but netrek-specific and more secure. gw will not
work with the RSA blessing scheme.
pledit: a tool to manipulate player databases.
He also developed the UDP protocol for netrek. Donations for his shrine
are being accepted even as we speak.
Comments:
scam.Berkeley.EDU: Directory is /src/games/xtrek. In addition
to netrek source, this site also has source for Xtrek 6 (the X11
version) and Xtrek III (the X10 version). Netrek source and
binaries are in /src/games/xtrek/netrek. The binaries here are blessed.
There is a binary only for Decstation 3100s. The source will work on
cyborg nights, and this is where to go to get the code you'll need for
building your own cyborg. The source for the scam server is here.
ftp.cis.ksu.edu: Directory is /pub/Games/netrek. There are KSU-style
and bronco-style binaries for sun 3's and 4's. Send your whole mail
address instead of just your login as 'Password:'. There is also
source for the KSU 'GalaxyTrek' server, which supports the Galaxy
class ships, and source for the Galaxy client. The latest copy
of the FAQ and this server list should be there. Andy McFadden's
Toolbox is here. The bronco server distribution has recently been added.
There is a blessed UDP binary for Sun 3's, 4's and HP Apollo series 700
workstations. The UDP server and client code is here. There is also a
tar file containing a font to use as an italic font (for neutral planets
and team members). The official INL server code and the INL rulebook
are here.
pittslug.sug.org: Directory is /pub/netrek. The binaries here will work
anywhere. There are UDP clients for Decstation 3100s, Sun 3s and 4s,
NeXT's, and MIPS's. The source for the UDP client and the UDP server is
also here. Andy McFadden's Toolbox is here. XnetrekM, a Motif front
end for METASERVER (by Tedd Hadley) is here. The source for the RSA
server, or for upgrading an already-running server, is here, including
most publicly recognized keys.
gs69.sp.cs.cmu.edu: Directory is /usr/jch/netrek, but the server should
be smart enough to drop you there when you log in. Send your whole mail
address instead of just your login name or else the server will rudely
close connection on you. The collected wisdom of CMU xtrek players lies
here, along with the latest version of this server list, a sample .xtrekrc,
hints on how to play the different ship types, and lots of other useful
information for players. There is also help here for people trying
to set up a server, and a list of common problems and their solutions.
There is a patch for turning the standard client code into an information
borg. The final bronco server code is here in the /code directory.
The final bronco score database is here. There's a ton of stuff here,
really; check out ChangeLog for recent changes. This archive is available
over AFS (cd /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/jch/netrek) and WAIS (gourd.srv.cs.cmu.edu,
port 6000, name netrek-ftp).
b62103.student.cwru.edu: Directory is /pub/games/netrek. The binary
here is for NeXT computers, and specifically for NeXT's running
MouseX or Co-Xist (NOT NeXTstep). The binary is now blessed and UDP,
so it can be used on any server. The source will work on NeXT's or
any other color machine that has fewer than 8 color panes.
A NeXT port of 'sunborg' is also here. The source for Dtrek, a
new, larger version of xtrek, is here.
ftp.iastate.edu: Directory is /pub/netrek. There are versions of
Scout Popcorn's solarisborg for decstation 3100's, NeXT's and Suns,
a version of the Pig borg for decstation 3100's, and patches to set
up a server like tbird.cc.iastate.edu. Pretty much anything that is
at any other FTP site can be found here, somewhere.
iacrs2.unibe.ch: Directory is /pub/aix/netrek. There is source here that
contains the modifications necessary to get netrek to run on IBM
rs6k/AIX (the standard code, the galaxy code, and the BEEF information
borg code). xsg code is here, also, as is the source for ck_players.
The source for the Scam server and client are here, as well as
source for the Aix server and client. There are also sample
.xtrekrc's and the latest server and FTP lists.
sgi.com: Directory is now /sgi/src/netrek. There is a binary and source
for SGI Irix 4.0 or later here. If you're not running 4.0, this will
not work.
ocf.berkeley.edu: Directory is /pub/netrek. There are blessed UDP binaries
here for Sun 3's and 4's and HP Apollos.
cad.ics.uci.edu: Directory is /pub/netrek. There is a binary here for
the UDP client (version 1.0) for sun 3's, 4's, and MIPS's.
ftp.coe.montana.edu: Directory is /pub/mirrors. There are mirrors here
of gs69, pittslug, and ftp.iastate.edu.
ftp.informatik.uni-rostock.de: Directory is /pub/games/xtrek. The source
for the KSU galaxy server is here, along with some sample xtrekrc's.
ftp.ulowell.edu: Directory is /pub/netrek. The source for a VMS
client and VMS server are here, as well as an unblessed VMS client
binary.
ftp.unh.edu: Directory is /pub/submissions. A blessed binary for
VAX Ultrix 4.2 is here, and a blessed VMS client (using UCX for the
TCP/IP interface).
duke.me.chalmers.se: Directory is /pub/netrek. ntpatch, a utility
that allows one to change variables in shared memeory, is here.
grind.isca.uiowa.edu: Directory is /unix/netrek. Has most everything
from the other archive sites. This is also the main distribution
point for the Grandfather borg, there are binaries for Decstations,
NeXT's, and Suns (Sun 4's, I think).
charon.amdahl.com: Directory is /pub/netrek. This is not a full-time
FTP site, but this is where Andy McFadden puts the new releases of
his netrek-related utilities until they show up elsewhere. Currently
there are trekhopd 1.3 and xsg 1.22.
ftp.chemietechnik.uni-dortmund.de: Directory is /pub/games/netrek or
simpy netrek. This is a mirror of gs69, and has also xsg, the grit
server source, the source for the Hadley client and the scam server/
client source.
tbird.cc.iastate.edu: Directory is /usr/isae. The source for a server
mod to record games of netrek is here.
melmac.risc.uni-linz.ac.at: Directory is /pub/netrek. Information on the
European Netrek League is here. The RSA package is here, unencrypted.
jupiterII.cl.msu.edu: Directory is /pub/netrek. There are blessed
clients for Sun 3's and 4's, Sun386i's, 486's running Unix, and rs6000's
with AIX.
Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.games.go:6032 news.answers:4544
Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
From: adrian@u.washington.edu (Adrian Mariano)
Newsgroups: rec.games.go,news.answers
Subject: The Game Go -- Frequently Asked Questions
Supersedes: <games/go-faq_722757619@athena.mit.edu>
Followup-To: rec.games.go
Date: 12 Dec 1992 06:02:17 GMT
Organization: University of Washington
Lines: 484
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
Expires: 11 Jan 1993 06:02:10 GMT
Message-ID: <games/go-faq_724140130@athena.mit.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
X-Last-Updated: 1992/11/24
Archive-name: games/go-faq
rec.games.go
Frequently Asked Questions
by Adrian Mariano
adrian@u.washington.edu
Many FAQs, including this one, are available on the archive site
rtfm.mit.edu in the directory pub/usenet/news.answers. The name
under which a FAQ is archived appears in the Archive-name
line at the top of the article. This FAQ is archived as games/go-faq.
If you do not have ftp, you can request messages from rtfm by using
the local mail server. Send mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
containing the line "send usenet/news.answers/games/go-faq" to get
this file. Send a message containing "help" to get general
information about the mail server.
This FAQ is also available on the go archive site: ftp.u.washington.edu
(128.95.136.1)
You can log into the archive site with the username 'ftp' and any
password using the 'ftp' command. The files are in various
subdirectories under public/go. The file public/go/README (posted on
the first of each month to rec.games.go) contains a description of all
files. Filenames which appear below are relative to public/go.
If you don't have ftp, send a message to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
containing the single line "help" to get information about ftping by
mail. If you absolutely cannot get the mail server to work, send an
email request to adrian@u.washington.edu and I will mail you the
files.
The go archive site is mirrorred on ftp.pasteur.fr in the pub/Go
directory. The mirror site is maintained by fmc@cnam.cnam.fr.
Questions, comments, and corrections should be sent to
adrian@u.washington.edu.
0. Table of Contents
1. What is go?
2. What are the differences between different rules?
3. How does the ranking system work?
4. What public domain programs can I get to play go?
5. What commercial programs can I get to play go?
6. How strong are the commercial programs?
7. What computer go tournaments exist? What are the prizes?
8. What are the different game record formats and how can I display them?
9. What programs can I get to display go game records?
10. How do I play games by computer?
11. Where can I get go equipment, books, etc?
12. What are the dimensions of a go board?
13. What books should I read?
1. What is go?
Go is a two player strategy board game. Players take turns putting
black and white pieces (called stones) on a board. Stones are placed
on the intersection of the lines on the board, and can be placed on
the edge or in the corner. Once played a stone can not be moved, but
may be captured by the other player. A player can pass at any time.
Go is generally played on a 19 by 19 board, but smaller boards such as
9 by 9 or 13 by 13 are used by beginners or for shorter games.
The object of the game is to surround territory and/or your opponent's
stones. The game ends when both players pass. Under Japanese rules,
each intersection surrounded and each prisoner counts as a point. The
player with the most points wins.
An empty intersection adjacent to a stone (orthogonally) is called a
liberty. For example, a single stone in the middle of the board has 4
liberties. Stones that are adjacent form groups. Every group must
have at least one liberty. When a group's last liberty is filled it
is captured and removed from the board.
It is illegal to make a move which recreates a preceding board
position (to prevent loops). The simplest repeating position is
called a ko.
A brief introduction to the game in Smart-Go format is available on
the archive site as RULES.SG. Beginners can also get comp/igo.zip
from the archive site. This is a stripped down version of Many Faces
of Go for the IBM PC which includes play on the 9 by 9 board and some
instructional material.
2. What are the differences between different rules?
Under Chinese rules, handicap stones are given as free moves whereas
with Japanese rules they are placed on the star points.
Under Japanese rules, score is calculated by counting points of
territory and subtracting the number of captured stones. Points in
seki are not counted. With the Chinese rules, the score is calculated
by counting both points of territory and the number of stones left on
the board. The number of captured stones is not counted. Points
surrounded in seki are counted as territory and points shared in seki
are counted as 1/2 point for each player. Because the sum of the
scores is always 361, only one color needs to be counted.